1998

S9.E1 ∙ La senda del voto, Primera parte

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

For more than six hundred years, spanning two major civilizations and diverse political regimes, the inhabitants of the territory which is today known as Mexico have held some type of election to appoint authorities. In the ancient Valley of Mexico the process was known as tlatoanis. During the colonial period, town councils and representatives of corporations were chosen. In the nineteenth century, electorates appointed representatives and from 1911 forward, these electorates have chosen local, state and federal authorities.

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S9.E2 ∙ La senda del voto, Segunda parte

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

The PNR and its descendants, the PRM and the PRI, dominated Mexican politics from 1929 to 2000, but since 1977 its dominance has declined due to a growing opposition that achieved victories in various parts of the Republic. Between that year and 1996 Mexico experienced a cycle of political reforms that moved control of state elections to the autonomous Federal Electoral Institute (IFE) and promoted electoral democracy.

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S9.E3 ∙ Partido Revolucionario Institucional 1929-2006

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

The purpose of the film is to provide knowledge of the Institutional Revolutionary Party's foundation and origins which has been a witness to and protagonist of Mexico's history. Likewise, this program shows us how it became the hegemonic party and pillar of political and social conformity in our country and which maintained presidential power for decades. Through the testimonies of some of its directors and militants, as well as political analysts and journalists we see how the PRI abandoned the democratic process within its ranks and because it turned more inward, it could not become the core of political life in the rest of the country. Spectators will notice how, throughout the country's history, no one can understand contemporary Mexico without understanding the PRI.

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S9.E4 ∙ Partido Acción Nacional 1939-2006

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

The program shows us the history of the National Action Party (PAN) and how its struggle for democracy and abandonment of its role as an opposition party was carried out upon winning the presidential elections in 2000, thus opening the possibility for political competition in our country. Through the testimony offered by directors, militants and historians, spectators can come to know the stories of the founders' lives and the internal struggles as well as PAN's victories and failures that they experienced as the party became the second leading political force in Mexico. PAN is a party that continues to give lessons in democracy and struggles to maintain governmental power but above all, it sought to maintain the support of the citizens who brought their candidate to the republic's presidency six years earlier.

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S9.E5 ∙ Partido de la Revolución Democrática 1989-2006

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

The program focuses on the history of the PRD, a party that arose after the disputed presidential elections of 1988. Viewers can see the origins of leftist parties in Mexico, beginning with the years following the Mexican Revolution. Viewers can also see how they gradually began gaining strength despite always being minority, and at times clandestine, parties until the historic moment when a few militants' break with the PRI opened the door to allowing different parties' participation in presidential elections. The program also covers the conflicts within this party made up of diverse political forces and the confrontations among its leaders.

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S9.E6 ∙ Técnicas para educar

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

Faced with the vastness of the national territory, experts have been able to bring instruction to the farthest reaches of our country thanks to educational technology. Decades ago, Telesecundaria (High School TV) was implemented: an educational modality based on the technology of the moment. This would be the beginning of Mexican educational television, which would evolve day after day, together with other technological innovations. Currently, DGTVE is the institution in charge of producing and transmitting a wide range of television and radio via satellite through the Edusat Network. It acts upon the advantages offered by information and communication technologies and has created new projects that have tangible benefits, thus offering a promising future for the country's education.

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S9.E7 ∙ Oro verde, El henequén en Yucatán

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

This program is a reconstruction of the most significant period of sisal production, the product of the agave plant, in the era of the height of the boom to its decadence. The program also takes a look at the relations of production between the indigenous and hacienda owners.

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S9.E8 ∙ Historia Antigua de Jalisco

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

This program provides the ancient history of Mexico's west and focuses on its cultural and political epicenter, Jalisco. It is an intense and contradictory story. The fierce rebellion of ancient indigenous nations and the strong sense of pride shared by Spanish settlers and the American-born European descendants presented enormous obstacles for Mexico City's influence in the west. In spite of its cultural and political differences with the National Palace, Jalisco and its gem of a capital, Guadalajara, would go on to head the majority of the battles which, throughout the nineteenth century, would give independent Mexico a well-defined face and sense of purpose.

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S9.E9 ∙ Jalisco, De la Revolución a los albores del siglo XXI

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

This program is review of the state of Jalisco over the course of the twentieth century. The story moves from the years of the Mexican Revolution and the Cristera War up to the current moment. It shows Jalisco as a multi-regional state, populated by a diverse society in which a mosaic of ideas, ways of thinking and living coexist, and yet, it is a place where a unique local character survives. It follows Jalisco's conflicts and its social and political struggles. It examines the development of Jalisco from the rural and provincial state to a modernizing state that projects its image nationally and internationally. It includes a vision of Jalisco's residents who preserve their values but remain open to new modes of thought. It is a state that has developed in every sector due to tolerance, hard work and the commitment of its people.

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S9.E10 ∙ Jalisco es México: charro, mariachi y tequila

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

Even if this affirmation may seem strange to us today, neither the Mexican cowboys, or charros, nor mariachis and tequila had necessarily to become the signs that represented Mexico within and outside of its national borders. Why is the mariachi Mexican and not, for example, the rich tradition of fandango from Huasteca or Vera Cruz? Why tequila and not mezcal from Oaxaca or pulque from the highlands? Why the Creole cowboy and not the northern cow herder or the tzeltal from Chiapas, or even the part-indigenous man from the Yucatan? Charro, mariachi and tequila: local products catapulted to the position of national representatives. They are no doubt richer in their origin than their mediated branding has afforded them. In this program we will witness the motives behind why history and the country's turbulent circumstances decided, at one time, that Jalisco was Mexico.

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S9.E11 ∙ Jalisco en las Bellas Artes

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

This program presents the history of art in Jalisco narrated by its artists: Through the literary texts of Mariano Azuela and Agustín Yáñez and the murals of José Clemente Orozco. The writers Juan Rulfo and Juan José Arreola speak of how Jalisco's rural society was transformed and gave way to a modern, urban expansion. Architects like Luis Barragán and painters like Guillermo Chávez Vega arise at this time. Music by Blás Galindo, José Pablo Moncayo and Consuelo Velázquez reflect modern and contemporary Mexico. New aesthetic tendencies arise with works of painters like Juan Soriano and Raúl Anguiano as well as the work by the architect González Gortázar. Jalisco's art crosses the border into the twenty-first century.

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S9.E12 ∙ Juárez, El respeto a la ley

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

On July 15, 1867 Benito Juárez entered Mexico City victoriously, after four years of running the itinerant republican and constitutional government for the country, which at that time had been invaded. With his famous saying - ''among individuals, as among nations, respect for the other's rights is peace'' Juárez sealed the republic's victory and the consolidation of Mexican nationality. At the same time, he topped off a life that was fully devoted to his homeland and respect for the rule of law.

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S9.E13 ∙ La Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación I: Tribunal Constitucional de México

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

This program presents the history of the Supreme Court of Justice from the years following Mexico's independence to the present day. It considers the importance that it has had throughout history, especially in the creation of a citizen's guarantee to appeal in the name of his or her constitutional rights. It also considers the changes that the Court has undergone in recent decades as it examines its relationship with the Mexican Constitution, and with the executive and legislative powers that also make up our government. The program also looks at the way in which work is carried out in different courtrooms and how different jobs are carried out by the Court's ministers. Finally, it addresses the importance of constitutional controversies and actions of unconstitutionality that may come to discussion in this tribunal, which also protects individuals through constitutional rights-based appeals and other procedures that guarantee that the rule of law prevails.

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S9.E14 ∙ La Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación II: A través de sus decisiones

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

Throughout its history, the nation's Supreme Court of Justice has issued many verdicts in different eras and under diverse circumstances. This program is a retelling of the most relevant decisions that the Supreme Court has made from the years following the Mexican Revolution to the present day. It considers the verdicts related to constitutional controversies among the nation's federation and state governments, the disagreements between ministers and the make-up of the different courtrooms comprise the system. It considers the Supreme Court as Mexico's highest tribunal and as head of the judicial branch and focuses on the way in which its balanced and transparent work practices have impacted Mexican juridical, political and social life over the last few decades.

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S9.E15 ∙ Lotería Nacional, La magia del azar

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

The Lotería Nacional has been around for more than two centuries. This program takes a look at it founders and its history from the colonial period forward. It considers the people tied to the lottery: ticket sellers and young announcers on the street. It deals with the different drawings that can make us millionaires. Winning the lottery is not only part of the imagination: it is perfectly possible. One only has to play: buy a ticket, and in doing so, you also contribute to a program that benefits the public.

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S9.E16 ∙ El Petróleo en México y el Mundo

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

The comparison between Mexico and countries such as Canada, Brazil, Norway or Venezuela reveals the insufficiencies and juridical and administrative limitations of oil production in our country. Currently Mexico is the only nation in the world that does not allow for investment in or strategic alliance with the state company, PEMEX, and national and international private companies.

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S9.E17 ∙ El Universal, Testigo de México

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

The history of the newspaper El Universal is the very history of contemporary Mexico. It was founded in 1916 with the aspiration of being a modern newspaper, in terms of its information services as well as through its high-volume production and distribution. The paper's alliance with President Carranza's regime assigned it another greater task early on: guiding the agitated and violent political life in Mexico through public debate that might lead people to exchange their arms for ideas. Since then and until today, The Great Mexican Newspaper has encountered crises of all types world-wide ones, national ones and even internal upset. El Universal has known how to maintain the power of that essential vocation of its origins: making journalism an alliance of objective information, editorial plurality and technological renovation.

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S9.E18 ∙ BIMBO, Con el cariño de siempre

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

This is the chronicle of the first company to industrialize prepackaged bread in Mexico. Bimbo is a complete brand name in the advertising imaginary and in the consumer market thanks to its dozens of products that have made history in our country. The program covers the reasons why it became a corporate success on an international scale.

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S9.E19 ∙ Las alas de México, 85 años de Mexicana de Aviación

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

In 1921, with a Boeing B40 flight that covered the distance between Mexico City and Tampico, the airline Mexicana de Aviación took off. Since then, Mexicana has multiplied its routes, inventing services such as the fully-paid trip and the one-class system. It has contributed to the development of national tourism and generally raised Mexico's name up into the clouds.

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S9.E20 ∙ Centenario de CEMEX

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

In 1906 Cementos Hidalgo was born in the north of Mexico, and in 1920, Cementos Portland Monterrey came along. Cementos Mexicanos (CEMEX) came about from the fusion of these two firms. It is a company that started as a regional presence and over the course of a century grew to become among the three most important cement companies in the world.

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S9.E21 ∙ CEMEX, La construcción de una empresa global

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

In 1985, Cementos Mexicanos had already positioned itself as one of the country's principal cement companies. Beginning that year, it initiated a process of innovation and continual improvement which allowed it to conquer new markets, undertake ambitious acquisitions in the United States, Latin America and Europe, and become a global company with a strong market presence in more than fifty countries on four continents.

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S9.E22 ∙ Baja California, Educación sin fronteras

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

Created in 1957, the Autonomous University of Baja California holds the second place among the leading institutions of superior education in the country. Its quick but optimized development is the product of diverse generations of university students who have helped to consolidate its leadership. Over five decades, it has succeeded in satisfying the educational needs of Baja California's societies through its different divisions and schools, as well as promoting scientific and humanistic research through the support provided by its institutes. This program reviews the university's history in the diverse stages that go from its establishment to the current moment. All of this is done through the voices of different people related to the institution, such as deans, professors, researchers, students and alumni.

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S9.E23 ∙ Calidad y Equidad en la Educación Superior: Una Mirada de sus Protagonistas

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

Education is a basic tool that all humans rely upon to face the challenges of their surroundings. In Mexico, institutions of superior education have had relevant growth and diversification and they have succeeded in building the knowledge that is needed for developing our country and thoroughly preparing our students. The advances and challenges of these institutions are not only part of the past but also serve to value the present and analyze the direction in which we are heading and where we can ultimately go. In that sense, this documentary allows us to the learn about the workings of tertiary education in Mexico during the last five years, considering certain problems but mostly emphasizing its achievements and challenges.

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S9.E24 ∙ Retratos de la educación II

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

In this program we come to know the history of two teachers in rural Mexico who recently were awarded he Manuel Altamirano Medal for the more than fifty years of service they have provided. The teacher Jorge Gordillo was born and raised in a small community in Chiapas and inherited his vocation for teaching from his grandfather and father. On the other hand, Guadalupe Aguiñaga, who is from a small town located at the foot of the Popocatépetl volcano, decided to become a teacher because for her, children - her students - are her life. Each one of them, as well as some of their family members and people close to them, stitch together the stories of their lives. They recall the memories of the hundreds of students whom they taught and who, over time, went on to become successful professionals. Through their stories, Jorge and Lupita relive intimate moments of their past.

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S9.E25 ∙ En busca del título perdido, El Acuerdo 286, la acreditación para autodidactas

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

Outside of the realm of schools and universities, oftentimes burdened by economic or familial needs, Mexican autodidacts from yesterday and today have made the daily practice of labor a true preparatory school. In Mexico today, men and women who have not officially completed their professional studies but who have sufficient professional capabilities can obtain their official secondary and tertiary school equivalency accreditation, thus guaranteeing the recognition of their knowledge and experience by all of society and closing an important circle in their lives.

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S9.E26 ∙ Preparar el futuro, La escuela media superior en México

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

The superior middle school is a fundamental stage in which educative processes are not limited to certain established thematic or academic scopes. Its development and growth during the twentieth century and its subsequent consolidation allow us to see an education system that recognizes the learning needs, affect and desire for autonomy of a young person between the ages of 15 and 18. Knowing the evolution of the superior middle school level in our country will allow us to evaluate the options for preparation for opportunities available in contemporary Mexican society.

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S9.E27 ∙ Educar a dos voces

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

Since pre-Hispanic times, Mexico is and has been many Mexico's. Nevertheless, for more than a hundred years the nation's governments tried to subsume that variegated linguistic and cultural diversity under the dominant, Western pattern which is both racially diverse on the one hand, and strictly Spanish-speaking on the other. Today, an ambitious project of Intercultural Bilingual Education is on the road to rescuing languages, ideas and expressions of all of those groups that are culturally different and that, in forming part of the country, contribute to its enrichment as they face the challenges of modernity without losing the essence of its multiple origins.

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S9.E28 ∙ Educar con calidad

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

In today's times we cannot repeat traditional educational practices; it is necessary to be conscious of the variables that determine a complete academic preparation. One of the fundamental factors is quality. Various federal programs that strive for quality in education exist, from the most basic level to Mexico's superior middle school, all the way up to the tertiary level. Knowing about these programs which this documentary allows is knowing the way in which specialists, public authorities, teachers and students have participated in order to increase the value of teaching in a country like Mexico, where the educational lag is more than a matter for discussion. This lag is a reality that cannot be hidden and it urgently demands alternative solutions.

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S9.E29 ∙ Comunidad petrolera

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

Cantarell, the country's main hydrocarbon deposit, is exploited by a group of gigantic installations where many of PEMEX's best engineers and technicians live and work. The extraction of billions of barrels along coast of Campeche for three decades has impacted, for better or for worse, the development of Ciudad del Carmen, one of the oil industry's most important communities in the world.

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