1998

S2.E1 ∙ La Revolución Mexicana. La sublevación, capítulo I

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

A brief portrait of the Porfiriato (the years of the Porfirio Díaz regime), the history of the uprising led by Francisco I. Madero who achieved a victory that was too rapid, too easy and the incipient conflict between the revolution of "those from above" (represented, by Madero, the hacienda owners, among others) and the revolution of "those from below", led by men like Zapata.

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S2.E2 ∙ La Revolución Mexicana. La reacción, capítulo II

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

The problems of Madero's government and the attacks made by the press and by politicians who were against him. The Tragic Tenth, the triumphant military coup d' etat led by Victoriano Huerta, who assassinated President Madero and Vice-president Pino Suárez and installed a brutal military regime. The program details the uprisings against Huerta, who got together under the control of the governor of Coahuila, Venustiano Carranza, and the military actions of Pascual Orozco and Pancho Villa. The episode ends with the victory of the Constitutionalist Army.

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S2.E3 ∙ La Revolución Mexicana. La guerra civil, capítulo III

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

This program deals with the bloodiest period of the Revolution: the civil war among the winners. At the beginning, the coalition between the followers of Villa and Zapata seemed to overcome, but forces led by Carranza, under the military command of the brilliant general Álvaro Obregón won the fight.

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S2.E4 ∙ La Revolución Mexicana. La victoria, capítulo IV

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

This program tells the story of the Constitution and the Carranza years, with their great difficulties (hunger, butchery and a large part of the country in war), until the last successful uprising of Mexican history: the victory of the men of Sonora led by Álvaro Obregón. A final section evaluates some of the Revolutions results and effects and the destinies of its principal leaders.

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S2.E5 ∙ Luis Echeverría, El presidente predicador

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

In this highly complicated presidential term the president launched a populist program very different from the vision of his predecessor: he tried to win over the young people who were physically and psychologically wounded from the massacre of Tlatelolco. It was a period of university expansion, guerillas, ambitious and expensive projects, a tightening of relations with Cuba and the Third World. In addition, the regime extended a welcoming reception to Chileans exiled due to the recent military coup d'etat. It would end with a grave economic crisis and the succession of power to a friend of his with little political experience.

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S2.E6 ∙ Luis Echeverría, La empeñosa ambición

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

Imbued with the spirit and legend of the Mexican Revolution, Luis Echeverría rose to power after a long string of bureaucratic posts, where he became known for his intelligence and his surprising capacity for work. He would become secretary of the government of Díaz Ordaz and he was singled out for his complicity in the massacre at Tlatelolco. Díaz Ordaz designated him his successor. And then came the great change.

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S2.E7 ∙ José López Portillo, El presidente apostador

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

López Portillo's six-year term is one of the most tragic chapters in the Mexico's modern history. A hopeful beginning was followed by the temptation of the oil bonanza which ultimately led to the collapse of international oil prices and national bankruptcy. The history of this period, and its treatment in this documentary, combine to tell the tale of the tragic, the epic and the absurd.

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S2.E8 ∙ José López Portillo, El abolengo criollo

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

José López Portillo described himself as 'macho, muy macho' and his biography deals with this theme and other visions he had of himself, such as that of thinker, boxer and amateur painter. The documentary portrays his deep Creole roots, as a descendant of Spanish aristocrats - which very much shaped his character - and also centers on his paintings and reflections, his imprudent adolescence and the fate of a childhood friendship that led him to Los Pinos, the home of the Mexican presidency.

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S2.E9 ∙ Miguel de la Madrid, Oportunidades perdidas

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

Miguel de la Madrid inherited a country in bankruptcy and from there forward he had to jump from problem to problem. In 1985, Mexico City - and an unprepared government - were hit by an earthquake that killed between 10,000 and 30,000 people. In 1986, the political controversy revolved around accusations of electoral fraud in the state of Chihuahua. This program approaches the problems and some of the solutions offered to them during this difficult presidential term.

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S2.E10 ∙ Miguel de la Madrid, El camino recto

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

Miguel de la Madrid suffered the tragedy of his father's murder during his early childhood. He would grow up in an urban, middle-class setting as an excellent student. He was the first of any Mexican president to enroll in a graduate studies program in the United States. He grew to admire liberal thought of the nineteenth century. This biography develops this character while providing a background of some of the important social changes that Mexico lived between the 1940's and 1970's.

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S2.E11 ∙ Carlos Salinas de Gortari, El hombre que quiso ser rey

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

Just like a Shakespearean story about the collapse of powerful men, this video narrates the impressive rise and fall of Carlos Salinas de Gortari. Elected amid charges of electoral fraud, he became the architect of the Free Trade Treaty and the champion of a more liberal economic policy and privatizations, which brought him acclaim at home and beyond the country\'s borders. But finally, he had to suffer the turnarounds that took place during his term: the guerilla uprising, political murders and shortly after his time, the grave financial crisis for which he was largely blamed, not to mention the incarceration of his brother who was accused of murder.

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S2.E12 ∙ Carlos Salinas de Gortari, Asuntos de familia

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

Family was essential to Carlos Salinas as he was growing up. Son of a failed presidential candidate, his older brother was the designated heir for a longing that would ultimately be fulfilled by Carlos Salinas. He, his father and his brother Raúl are the principal figures in this story of the making of a president.

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S2.E13 ∙ Porfirio Díaz, Místico de la Autoridad

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

Of a mestizo (racially mixed) background on his mother's side, and of a European-descended Mexican background on his father's side, Porfirio Díaz climbed the pyramid of Mexican history - through the ranks of valiant soldier and trusty general - until he arrived at the top. And he remained there for the good and for the bad. His life represents the fate of Mexico in his generation. In his familiar attitude and ways one can see an enormous amount of paternalism which, with time, would be directed toward the entire country.

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S2.E14 ∙ Francisco I. Madero, Místico de la libertad

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

The first phase of the Mexican Revolution was a period of political struggle and, afterwards, the second phase was one of armed rebellion. Both phases were led by a member of one of the richest families in Mexico, Francisco I. Madero, a complex idealist whose courage, virtue and personal defects led him first to victory, and later, to his own murder. This is the moving story of his fight and his martyrdom.

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S2.E15 ∙ Francisco Villa, El ángel y el fierro

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

This program details the life and death of Pancho Villa, a man who rose up from poverty as a bandit and later became one of the greatest generals of the Mexican Revolution. Virtually illiterate, but with a great memory and a powerful mind, Villa was sweet with children and yet quick to kill. His character placed him among the symbolic figures of his "good angel" and friend, the general Felipe Ángeles, and his gunman Rodolfo Fierro, known to his men as "the butcher".

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S2.E16 ∙ Emiliano Zapata, El amor a la tierra

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

One of the most important players of the Mexican Revolution, Emiliano Zapata - leader of "a people who made revolution in order avoid change", in order to preserve their land and their customs - is also a legendary figure whose influence in social struggles in Mexico endures to our present day.

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S2.E17 ∙ Venustiano Carranza, Puente entre siglos

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

Venustiano Carranza became a leader of the second phase of the Revolution, during the rising up against the government of Victoriano Huerta, Madero's assassin. With one foot in the past and one planted in the future, Carranza presided over the debates surrounding the 1917 Constitution. He was socially progressive and without parallel at his time. This program is a portrait of this man, led toward tragedy for ultimately not understanding his historical moment.

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S2.E18 ∙ Álvaro Obregón, El vértigo de la victoria

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

An invincible general, Álvaro Obregón was a brilliant military man of tactics with a photographic memory. He was a man fond of eating and drinking, an able and pragmatic thinker and a cruel and implacable enemy. His rebellion against the Carranza government would be the last successful uprising of the Revolution. Like almost all of the great leaders of the time, he would die a violent death just as he was at the point of beginning an unheard-of second presidential term.

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S2.E19 ∙ Plutarco Elías Calles, Reformar desde el origen

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

A strong man of the Revolution, Calles would die peacefully in his own bed, although while exiled in California by Lázaro Cárdenas. For almost a decade he had been president, and afterward, the true power behind three other presidents. His energy helped him overcome a difficult youth as an illegitimate child with an alcoholic father, and it led him to a conquest of power that was filled with social achievements, but ultimately damaged by moments of violence, especially with regard to the sad story of the Cristiada.

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S2.E20 ∙ Inventado en México, Un siglo de soluciones

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

Mexico has produced a surprising quantity of important inventions, some recognized internationally, others barely recognized but of great importance. We present some of these inventions and the lives of the women and men who created them, looking at those who received some sort of recompense for their work, as well as others who were condemned to be forgotten.

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S2.E21 ∙ María Félix, Todas mis guerras

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

This is the story of the life and the movies of María Félix, ''the most beautiful woman in the world'', who became the public's favorite female movie star in Mexico and Latin America. Although she enjoyed considerable acceptance in Europe, she disdained Hollywood films and would not make them. The documentary presents her adventurous and combative life through photographs, filmed material and extracts from her movies which are used to illustrate the most important moments of her real life.

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S2.E22 ∙ María Félix, Sus personajes

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

A presentation of classic characters played by ''la Doña'', organized around the great images of love and action that she created for the Spanish-speaking world. Above all, there is a focus on her interpretation of the strong woman who is independent and often ''dangerous''.

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S2.E23 ∙ Dolores del Río, Princesa de México

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

This film deals with the life and the movies of a ''princess'' who became a Hollywood star and later returned to her home country for a second and illustrious film career. Her discreet but intense personal life (including her love affairs with Orson Welles and Emilio ''the Indian'' Fernández), her ever-growing and varied talent as an actress and her presence in the cultural and political life of Mexico are some of the themes covered in this complex portrayal.

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S2.E24 ∙ Pisando el cielo I, Pintores de Oaxaca

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

''In Oaxaca the mountains are so high that one walks by stepping on the sky''. This declaration describes the symbiosis between the art of Oaxaca and the myths that are their source of inspiration. These two documentaries expose the cosmovision of the most solid examples of contemporary painting in Oaxaca. Rodolfo Morales, Francisco Toledo, Alejandro Santiago, Cecilio Sánchez, Laura Hernández and Filemón Santiago describe the way the smells, the celebrations, the flowers, the history and the skies of Oaxaca influence their very personal works.

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S2.E25 ∙ Sara García, La abuelita del cine nacional

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

While still young, Sara García turned into the typical mother in films; later she became the classic stereotype of ''the little mother'' and grandmother of national cinema. In her private life, however, she was an independent woman, strong and combative, with an intense determination to win: she was much more incisive and much less sentimental than the image of the woman that was projected on the screen.

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S2.E26 ∙ Pedro Armendáriz, Los rostros de un mexicano

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

Pedro Armendáriz was the main creator of three characters which were representative of Mexican culture: the ranch or hacienda owner, the indigenous person and the revolutionary. He became the best know Mexican actor in Hollywood, while in Mexico he contributed to the formation of an image that represented an entire era. He lived forcefully and with this same resolved attitude chose his death.

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S2.E27 ∙ Cine mexicano II, El cine y la modernidad

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

The second program about the history of Mexican cinema presents the end of the ''Golden Age''. It narrates how the industry collapsed when faced with a reduction in funding and the arrival of television. It also shows the way in which the government affected the industry during the populist-tendencied regime of the 1970's. In the current moment new Mexican cinema is burgeoning and modestly growing in order to newly assume a relevant space within society.

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S2.E28 ∙ Música popular, Con la música por dentro

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

The first of two programs about Mexican popular music which goes from waltzes of the Porfirio Díaz regime (the ''Porfiriato'') in the second half of the nineteenth century to the sad and sensual love songs of Agustín Lara, and ultimately to the penetration of Caribbean rhythms.

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S2.E29 ∙ Música popular, Y la música... toca y toca

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

The second program focuses on popular music from the second half of the twentieth century. From the bolero to the ranchero, the compositions of José Alfredo Jiménez, Armando Manzanero and Juan Gabriel, to childhood songs and the "onda grupera" (a hybrid style) which integrates electronic technology with popular music.

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S2.E30 ∙ Yo no era rebelde, Rock mexicano 1957-1971

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

The recent history of youth in Mexico - just as in other countries - is linked to the history of rock. This first program narrates the initial social and artistic transition - with the imitation of the US model - to the moment when Mexican "rocanrol" acquires its own unique identity.

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S2.E31 ∙ La célula que se explota, Rock mexicano 1971-1999

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

At the beginning of the 1970's, Mexican "rocanrol" became an exportable good. From There, the "cell explodes" reproducing a great variety of musical styles. The path for the "rockeros" forks: one leads to merely commercial ends and the other explores new artistic ideas.

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S2.E32 ∙ Pelea de tigres

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

For hundreds of years, the towns of Acatlan and Zitlala in the state of Guerrero have gotten together in the powerful landscape of their mountainous environment to remember the gods who refuse to die. Here is where the Acatecs and Zitlatecs ask for rain and worship the Christian cross as well as the sacred stone. Here, the Tiger fights in order to imitate the sounds of thunder and lightening and invoke their presence. The more fights that are bought about, the greater the sacrifice will be, and therefore, the more abundant the rains. Fruits an flowers will flourish, food that will be offered up. In this space of worship, the past and the present are renewed in the same ritual meeting which brings together and perpetuates the Nahua people of Guerrero.

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S2.E33 ∙ Luís González y González, Viaje redondo

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

A moving biography of one of the most important historians of Mexico. Born in San José de Gracia, in the state of Michoacán, Don Luís González y González takes us by the hand through the corners and landscapes of his personal history. With his unmistakable mastery and style, he takes us among many other cultural goods, from the so-called micro history, the universal history of the local, the little: an unusual and transcendent vision that begins with his book ''Pueblo en vilo''(''People in the Air''), where he lays out the archetypes and concepts of his birthplace. In October of 2003, the Senate of the Republic recognized the great human and academic merits of Don Luís González as they awarded him the Belisario Domínguez medal.

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S2.E34 ∙ La Televisión mexicana, El gran Invento

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

A general history of Mexican television with a particular emphasis on Mexican contributions to technology and television production style. The program also looks at the relations between television companies and the Mexican government as well as their connections to the rest of the world.

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S2.E35 ∙ La Televisión mexicana, La vocación de entretener

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

A rich and strident presentation of television as popular entertainment, focusing on the varied types of programs (such as musicals, comic sketches, game shows, children's shows) of the Mexican television industry.

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S2.E36 ∙ La Televisión mexicana, Dando la noticia

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

This program presents a vision of television as a tool of communication and as a commercializer of information. It shows how Mexican television faced many problems due to the fact that the country has always been subject to various levels of governmental censorship and, in addition, has been limited due to precautionary self-censorship. Yet at the same time, Mexican television in general, as well as international news broadcasts and sports programs were truly innovative. This episode traces the progress of freedom, from censorship to an opening up and liberalization. It also considers the place of television in a Mexico that in progressively more democratic.

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S2.E37 ∙ La Televisión mexicana, La Imaginación Televisiva

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

This program analyzes the effects of television on the nature of events and on the spectator. It is a roundup of the resonance, value and the dangers of this massive medium of communication.

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S2.E38 ∙ El eterno retorno, Testimonios de los indios Kikapú

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

The Kikapus established themselves in Mexico at the end of the twentieth century, fleeing from indigenous reservation politics in the United States. At the moment they have the right of free passage over the border and they work half of the year as agricultural day laborers in the United States and spend the other half of the year in Mexico, living according to their traditions and customs.

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S2.E39 ∙ La semana mayor, Semana Santa en Nacatlán

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

The documentary shows how the Mayan people of Sonora and the Totonaca people of Puebla maintain an ancient cosmogonist rite that, beginning with the onset of the colonial period, is linked to the Christian ceremonies of Holy Week. The ritual is considered to be a way of assuring good crops from the beginning of the sowing season. Its base is the organization of steward ships which, besides providing the celebration, guarantee the continuity of the tradition and social cohesion.

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S2.E40 ∙ Arquitectura mexicana del siglo XX, Volúmenes bajo el Sol

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

This program focuses on the universally important contributions of the modern Mexican tradition to the country as well as to the entire world. We show how the lessons of European masters were transformed, nationalized and developed into creative proposals that were brilliant and original. We explore how these innovations were put to the service of the people, in order to provide answers to the changes in Mexican society, to its ways of living and to the possible uses of the country's public and private spaces. The construction of the Ciudad Universitaria (university zone), the erect, sky scraping buildings of Barragan, the levitating forms of the churches of Candela and many other innovators and innovations of modern Mexican architecture figure as focal points of this program.

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S2.E41 ∙ Pisando el cielo II, Pintores de Oaxaca

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

This is the second of two documentaries that show the different elements that inspire contemporary painters in Oaxaca. Laura Hernández, Filemón and Alejandra Santiago describe how Oaxacas myths, colors, traditions, smells and history change painting into a language of emotions.

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