1998

S13.E1 ∙ Historia de las Comunicaciones y Transportes en México, La Construcción de México

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

This program tells the story of communications in our country from the pre-Hispanic era up until the turn of the 20th century. This is the tale of thousands of Mexicans joining forces in order to become closer to the rest, thus forging a national identity.

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S13.E2 ∙ Historia de las Comunicaciones y Transportes en México, México comunica con México

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

Communications held a privileged position in the development of Mexico during the 20th century. This meant more than the consolidation of highways and airways; through technological development, new communications media emerged such as radio, television, and over the past few decades, use of the Internet. This documentary narrates the efforts carried out in order to maintain our country up to date in an era of fast-moving change.

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S13.E3 ∙ Historia de las Comunicaciones y Transportes en México, La comunicación globalizada

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

Mexico prepares to ring in the Bicentennial with a communications and transportation infrastructure that dreams of evolving into major logistics platform for international commerce, incorporating insofar as is possible the breakthroughs demanded by globalization in the digital era.

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S13.E4 ∙ La Reforma, tiempo eje de México: 1a. parte

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

In 1857, the passage of a new liberal Constitution radically confronted two different national projects. On one hand, the liberal project-led by Benito Juárez, Ignacio Comonfort, and Melchor Ocampo, among others-that proposed the definitive construction of a secular state, stripping the clergy of its enormous influence over public and private lives of Mexicans and establishing the need to possess equal laws for all that would leave behind the old corporate privileges. On the other hand, the conservative project sought to leave life just at it had been for three hundred years during the colony without any substantial changes, leaving the Church as the center--directly linked to Vatican policy--that ruled over society and the economy. This profound political disagreement would, in the end, be settled on the battlefield over the next three years.

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S13.E5 ∙ La Reforma, tiempo eje de México: 2a. Parte

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

As liberals and conservatives were incapable of reaching an agreement, the dispute regarding the liberal Constitution of 1857 led to a costly, cruel, and prolonged civil war that exceeded the predictions of both sides. An age-old political enmity divided rural Mexico into two sectors: one, governed by conservatives from Mexico City, and the other, governed by constitutional president Benito Juárez from the port of Veracruz. Upon consummating the War of Reform, the military triumph of the liberals validated this once polemic constitution, as well as the Laws of Reform, thus burying the secular hegemony of the Church and giving way to the modern lay State we have today.

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S13.E6 ∙ La Decadencia de la Nueva España

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

During the second half of the 18th century-known as the Enlightenment-Spain was involved in an ongoing war against England and other European countries. The fear of falling behind British power as well as concern over defending wealthy lands in the Americas meant drastic reform under Bourbon king Charles III and his successors on the throne. In New Spain, the so-called Bourbon Reforms were designed to economically squeeze the colonies and keep a closer watch over their subjects. In a few years, however, the discontent caused by such measures would put the authority of the king himself over his extensive overseas realms at risk.

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S13.E7 ∙ Héroes de carne y hueso. Hidalgo, frenesí de Libertad, 1a. Parte

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

After sunrise on September 16, 1810, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla's life would never be the same. But who was Hidalgo, really? A brilliant theologian, a priest who occupied himself with charitable works, a caring father figure among the Indians, an intellectually curious man with an ear for music who was active in the arts, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla suffered from economic duress caused by the imposition of Bourbon reforms. After the priest from Dolores cried out for liberty, the last few months of his life would begin, sealing his fate and that of an entire nation.

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S13.E8 ∙ Héroes de carne y hueso. Hidalgo, frenesí de Libertad: 2a. Parte

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

After the cry of Dolores, Hidalgo the priest was transformed into the leader of a Revolution whose ultimate goal was to end poor governance. With his ragtag army, Hidalgo launched a campaign that spilled "rivers of blood," as he himself said. In a matter of days, Hidalgo had gone from heaven to hell. He was caught up in a whirlwind, committing acts of violence he would repent at his final destination-the firing squad-not knowing that the struggle he had begun would culminate in the independence of an entire kingdom.

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S13.E9 ∙ Héroes de carne y hueso. Morelos, Siervo de la Nación, 1a. Parte

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

Hidalgo's disciple José María Morelos led the War of Independence across the wilds of southern Mexico. Considered by his enemies to be their most worthy opponent among the Insurgency, Morelos was a studious, disciplined, rational, magnanimous, responsible, jovial, pious, and profound man. Despite his priestly vocation, Morelos answered the patriotic call to arms, becoming a great military leader in search of a project that would achieve concord among all Mexican residents -except for those born in Spain.

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S13.E10 ∙ Héroes de carne y hueso. Morelos, Siervo de la Nación, 2a. Parte

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

At age 45, Morelos joined the struggle against Spanish rule that had begun with his mentor, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla. His military campaigns across what are now the states of Michoacán, Guerrero, and Oaxaca brought him fame, but even more transcendent was his vision of an egalitarian, sovereign republic governed not by military leaders, but institutions. Unjustly imprisoned and tried, Morelos was shot and killed, but his Sentiments of a Nation live on as Mexico's declaration of independence.

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S13.E11 ∙ Héroes de carne y hueso. Iturbide, sueño imperial, 1a. Parte

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

Despite having given the country its "happiest day ever," Agustín de Iturbide is one of the most vilified figures in Mexican history. Iturbide sustained a victorious military career, earning him the right to be called upon by the Viceroy to defeat Vicente Guerrero, who was considered to be the last rebel. But Iturbide had other plans. He reached a pact with Guerrero, ending eleven years of warfare in just seven months. This made Iturbide a major hero, who never imagined he would later be considered a traitor.

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S13.E12 ∙ Héroes de carne y hueso. Iturbide, sueño imperial, 2a. Parte

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

Having brought about Independence, Iturbide became the liberating hero for whom songs and poems were written, comparing him to Biblical and mythological figures. Named the first Emperor of Mexico by Congress, he embarked on the most tempestuous stage of his life: that of Iturbide the monarch. After support in Congress began to flag, Iturbide made mistakes, and was put on trial that was largely unfair. Given the possibility Spain would reconquest Mexico, Iturbide, who had gone into exile in Italy, decided to return to his fatherland, where a firing squad was waiting for him.

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S13.E13 ∙ Héroes de carne y hueso. Guerrero, sueño republicano, 1a. Parte

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

When Morelos died, it seemed the Insurgency would die with him. But Vicente Guerrero, the muleteer from Tixtla who became a warrior, persevered as one of the few pillars sustaining the cause of the Insurgency. The name Guerrero took on mythological proportions, and the royalists knew that they would have to defeat him in order to end the war. What few could have foretold was that Guerrero would be the first to pact with Iturbide and, together with him, mark the end of the War and the start of Independence.

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S13.E14 ∙ Héroes de carne y hueso. Guerrero, sueño republicano, 2a. Parte

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

The alliance between Agustín de Iturbide and Vicente Guerrero gave rise to the final stage of the War of Independence. A few months later, on September 27, 1821, the Army of the Three Guarantees triumphantly entered Mexico City; afterwards, Guerrero let himself get wrapped up in the politics, conspiracies, coups, and ambitions that would eventually lead to his death. With him, the last military leader was gone, and a chapter had ended in the history of Mexico: that of the Insurgency.

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S13.E15 ∙ Las promesas de la tierra. Historia de la agricultura en México

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

The invention of agriculture transformed human life, and pre-Hispanic Mexico was no exception. Maize was key to the rise of these civilizations. For centuries, the Mexican countryside has fed a nation while setting the stage for numerous social conflicts, transforming its men into protagonists of quests such as Independence or the 1910 Revolution. Land distribution, industrialization and the development of new technologies have marked the countryside going into the 21st century, confronting major challenges that will allow it to competitively join the global market.

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S13.E16 ∙ Las praderas y los desiertos, Historia de la Ganadería en México

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

Mexican cattle ranching began with the arrival of the Spaniards; since then, it has comprised a fundamental aspect of national culture such as charro cowboys, rodeos, and bullfights. Surviving wars, droughts, and diseases, the livestock sector continues to provide food, employment, and entertainment to a great deal of the population and, above all, confronts with renewed determination the challenges of the future: competitiveness, quality, the introduction of new technologies, and distributing its products among the greatest possible number of consumers.

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S13.E17 ∙ La marcha al mar. Historia de la pesca en México.

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

Mexico is a country surrounded by beaches: its extensive coastlines have been the setting for the rise of unique cultures since pre-Hispanic times. For centuries, men and women have found the sea to be their main source of work and food, providing the rest of the nation with an immense variety of products that in recent times have reached world markets, making Mexico a major fishing industry.

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S13.E18 ∙ Detrás de la cocina mexicana

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

Foods like cocoa beans, chili peppers, avocados, nopal cactus plants, tomatoes, beans, squash and corn evoke Mexico and its diversity, both geographic and agricultural. These foods that have accompanied Mexicans for centuries have not been immune to changes in their production and consumption. The history of what's behind Mexican cuisine is a history rich in traditions, myths, and customs, but also a history that looks toward the future, adapting itself to the changes of a new, global economy.

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S13.E19 ∙ México, Dos siglos de Diplomacia

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

Based on a policy of principles, Mexican diplomacy has gradually earned a distinguished place on the international scene. Thus, self-determination of peoples, non-intervention, peaceful solutions to controversies, the proscription of threats or use of force in international relations, equal judicial standing for States, international cooperation for development, and the struggle for worldwide peace and security have been and still are the pillars of Mexican foreign policy and the core of our diplomatic history over the past 200 years.

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S13.E20 ∙ El Trabajo y sus leyes

Fri, Dec 17, 2010

The labor movement has been fundamental to the development of society, both individually and collectively. However, it has not always been seen the same way. The history of labor, as well as that of its laws, invite us to recall the conquests attained by Mexican workers by reevaluating their institutions, while at the same time reflecting on the challenge represented by a changing labor world in the 21st century.

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S13.E21 ∙ La Revolución, promesa y sufrimiento. El Sufrimiento en la Revolución

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

Not all those who died in the Revolution found their demise on the battlefield. For many others, during the war famine and disease were the true face of death.

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S13.E22 ∙ La Revolución, promesa y sufrimiento. Forjando la Suave Patria, la cultura en la Revolución Mexicana

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

The labor exerted by intellectuals and artists in the midst of the nightmare of death and destruction experienced by Mexicans from 1910 to 1920 left its imprint on Mexican culture.

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S13.E23 ∙ La rebelión del cura Hidalgo

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

A middle-aged priest, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, participated in a separatist conspiracy that is finally discovered. His call to rebellion was the beginning of a long war that lasted beyond his death.

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S13.E24 ∙ La lucha de José María Morelos

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

A military genius for the insurgents during the Mexican War of Independence, José María Morelos y Pavón, stirred up to rebellion the south of the Viceroyalty of New Spain and relinquish his spade to the congress -the one he contributed to create-, honoring in that way the title he was given: "the servant of the Nation".

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S13.E25 ∙ Consumación de la Independencia

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

In the course of a few months, under the able political leadership of Agustin de Iturbide, on September 27th, 1821, three hundred years of colonial tutelage concluded and the festivities overflowed the streets of Mexico City with happiness.

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S13.E26 ∙ Hidalgo. Maestro, párroco e insurgente

Wed, Dec 31, 1969

In September 2011, Fomento Cultural Banamex and Clio presented in a large edition, the latest research of Dr. Carlos Herrejón Peredo, "Hidalgo: teacher, priest and insurgent". This biography of Miguel Hidalgo is the result a documentary investigation without parallel. This edition, accompanied with a careful and exhaustive iconographic research, is presented in this documentary that shows the Herrejón's Hidalgo, a real man, a priest harassed by debt, passionate about music and a brilliant theologian, somehow lost in the practical ways of life. This biography is not lost in praise and vilification, but flows with depth and clarity in an effort to respond honestly to a question: Who was Hidalgo?

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