A Scottish-born Australian scientist, Ian Frazer is one of the most recognized names in the field of immunology. His eminent service in medical investigation is noteworthy for it was his research that led to the development of a vaccine against human papillomavirus (HPV) that causes most cervical cancers. From an early age, Frazer was determined to pursue a career in research. Thus, after obtaining a degree in medicine and surgery from University of Edinburgh, he started training himself as a renal physician, investigating the immunological issues associated with transplantation. It was his growing interest in immunology that took him to Australia where he enrolled at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute and the rest as they say is history. After years of research, he, along with his colleagues, came to the conclusion that there is a connection between HPV and cervical cancer. He also determined that the immune system played a dominant role in the ability to protect against HPV-linked cancer. Presently, Frazer holds the seat of the director of various organizations and institutes aimed at researching immunoregulation and immunotherapeutic vaccines.