Alexis Carrel was a French biologist and surgeon who received the ‘Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine’ in 1912 for pioneering technique of suturing blood vessels. He developed a procedure of vascular suturing that requires least possible stitches, which eventually became a vital part in many surgical operations. He along with Charles A. Lindbergh invented the first perfusion pump that paved way for organ transplantation. Carrel also analysed the conservation of living tissues that were taken out of the body and in one notable case, by circulating tissue culture fluid, he maintained the living culture for more than two decades. During ‘Second World War’, he aided in devising ‘Carrel-Dakin’ method to treat war wounds that involve application of antiseptic fluids to prevent infection – a procedure used extensively since then. He was an advocate of the social philosophy called ‘Eugenics’ that encompassed a set of beliefs and practices aimed at improving human genetic traits. The French Foundation for the Study of Human Problems, where he served as director during the period of Vichy France, implemented the policies of ‘Eugenics’. His link with them as also with French fascist and anti-semitic political party ‘Parti Populaire Français’ led to probes over his alleged involvement with the Nazis. He also faced media wrath due to such accusations during later stages of his life.