Sun Yat-sen (born Sun Deming) was a Chinese physician, revolutionary, and political leader who became the provisional first president of the Republic of China. He played a major role in the overthrow of the Qing dynasty during the Xinhai Revolution. Considered to be one of the greatest leaders of the country in the modern era, he is often called the "Father of the Nation" in the Republic of China. Despite being born into a family of humble means, he received a good primary education and went on to become a trained medical doctor. As a young man, he was drawn to revolutionary ideas and grew increasingly frustrated by the state of the conservative Qing government. He took an active part in the revolts and uprisings against the government and proceeded to play a key role in the Xinhai Revolution and the overthrow of the Qing dynasty. Despite being a much-revered figure in both mainland China and Taiwan, he faced numerous struggles in his political life and was exiled often. As a political philosopher, he is credited with developing the philosophy of the Three Principles of the People. He was married thrice.