Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg reigned as the duke from November 1964 to October 2000. He was the eldest son of Prince Félix and Grand Duchess Charlotte of Luxembourg. Initially educated in his country, he later attended the Ampleforth College in the U.K. and the Université Laval in Quebec City. He spent a significant time of his childhood running away from the German invaders who had occupied Luxembourg during World War II. He and his family eventually settled in the U.S., but he was quick to join the British army soon. He participated in freeing Brussels and Luxembourg. His successful tenure as the duke witnessed Luxembourg rise from a weak player to a strong financial power. Jean also unified Europe to a great extent. His marriage to Princess Joséphine Charlotte of Belgium in 1953 strengthened the political ties between the two countries. He won numerous titles and honors. Jean was the world's oldest living monarch before he died in 2019, aged 98.
