Queen Isabella II of Spain was a Spanish monarch who reigned from 1833 to 1868, until she was overthrown and forced into exile in France during the Glorious Revolution. She had inherited the throne at the age of three. Throughout her reign, she faced a series of civil wars led by her uncle, Infante Carlos, Count of Molina, and his successors, known as the Carlist Wars. Her reign also saw continuous political tensions between the moderate liberals and progressives, and she had numerous prime ministers during her rule. Despite frequent political unrest and military coups, Spain had made moderate progress in the fields of commerce and transportation by the time she was exiled. A few years into her exile, she abdicated the throne, making way for her son, Alfonso XII, to inherit it after the first Spanish Republic failed.