Catherine I of Russia was the Empress of Russia from 1724, until her death in 1727, and was the second wife of Peter the Great. Born into a very poor family, she did not have a pleasant childhood and worked as a maid for much of her youth. Originally named Marta Helena Skowrońska, she was of likely Polish or Lithuanian origin and remained illiterate throughout her life. Noted for her beauty in her youth, she caught the attention of Peter the Great, who eventually married her. Upon their marriage, she was rechristened as “Catherine.” She had twelve children with Peter, though most did not survive infancy. Catherine’s relationship with Peter was reportedly based on mutual love and respect. Known for her compassionate nature, she had a calming influence on Peter and cared for him during his final days, during which he is said to have died in her arms. After Peter’s death, Catherine became Empress in her own right and continued his legacy, ruling with notable wisdom and insight. However, her difficult life, repeated pregnancies, and heavy drinking after Peter’s death took a toll on her health. She ultimately passed away from tuberculosis in 1727.