Jeremy Bentham was a renowned English philosopher, jurist, and social reformer, best remembered for his theory of utilitarianism. Born in the mid-eighteenth century in London as the son of an attorney, he was expected to follow in his father's footsteps and pursue a career in law. Although he studied law to satisfy his father's wishes, he was deeply dissatisfied with the British legal system. During the same year he was called to the bar, Bentham encountered the writings of several radical philosophers, which profoundly influenced his thinking and future direction. He soon abandoned the legal profession and devoted himself to developing the philosophy of law. Bentham formulated his first version of utility theory in his early twenties, though he coined the term "utilitarianism" and fully articulated the concept later in his 1789 book, An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation. Bentham gained prominence and attracted a group of like-minded young thinkers, all of whom shared his radical views. He also advocated for significant social and legal reforms, including the codification of laws, prison reforms, universal suffrage, and universal education. Although many of his proposals were dismissed during his lifetime, they later became the foundation for progressive reforms.