Juliana Louise Emma Marie Wilhelmina, popularly known as Queen Juliana, was Queen of the Netherlands from 1948, until her abdication in 1980. Born at Noordeinde Palace in The Hague, Netherlands, Juliana was the only child of Queen Wilhelmina and Prince Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. She initially received a private education and later attended the University of Leiden to study international law. During the Second World War, Juliana took refuge in Ottawa, Canada, due to the German invasion of the Netherlands. After returning to the Netherlands in 1945, she acted as regent during her mother Wilhelmina’s illness. She was inaugurated as queen on September 6, 1948, following her mother’s abdication two days earlier. Throughout her reign, Juliana faced controversy over several issues, such as employing a faith healer for her daughter Christina, who was born nearly blind. The marriage of her daughter Princess Irene to the Catholic Prince Carlos Hugo of Bourbon-Parma also sparked discontent among her Protestant subjects. Juliana abdicated in 1980, in favor of her eldest daughter, Beatrix. She passed away in 2004, at the age of 94, becoming one of the longest-lived former reigning monarchs in history.