Filippo Brunelleschi was a 15th-century Italian architect and designer. Widely regarded as a founding father of Renaissance architecture, as well as the first modern engineer, planner, and sole construction supervisor, Brunelleschi is best known as the designer of the dome of the Florence Cathedral, an engineering accomplishment that had not been achieved since antiquity. He also garnered fame for coming up with the mathematical technique of linear perspective in art which dictated pictorial depictions of space until the late 19th century and played a significant role in the development of modern science. Born in an affluent family, Brunelleschi started an apprenticeship with the Arte della Seta, the silk merchants' guild, when he was 22 years old. As a master goldsmith and sculptor, he began constructing products out of cast bronze. In later years, he stopped making sculptures and exclusively focused on architecture and optics. His other achievements were in the fields of mathematics, engineering, and ship design. Most of his surviving works are kept in Florence, Italy.
