Selim I, also known as “Selim the Grim,” or “Selim the Resolute” (Yavuz Sultan Selim in Turkish), was an Ottoman sultan who ruled from 1512 to 1520. Selim, through his policy of annexation, extended his kingdom to Syria, Egypt, and the Hejaz. He was responsible for strengthening the Ottoman leadership in the Islamic world. Two of the most significant events during his reign were the Battle of Chaldiran, in which he defeated Shah Ismail, and the Ottoman–Mamluk War, which saw him crush the Mamluk forces. He was also known as “The Servant of The Two Holy Cities,” after extending his power to Mecca and Medina. He was one of the Ottoman Empire's most respected sultans. He was tall and fierce. He worked hard to organize his campaigns and is remembered for his aggressive policies and his indomitable spirit.