Yazid I, also known as Yazīd ibn Muʿāwiyah ibn Abī Sufyān, was the second Caliph of the Umayyad caliphate. He was the first ruler in the Islamic history to be appointed through hereditary succession. Born in Syria to Governor Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan, who worked under Caliph Uthman, Yazid was raised among the Kalbite tribesmen. He spent most of his teen years among the courtiers of Greek and Syrian descent and learned the basics of politics and ruling. His father became the Caliph in 661 and Yazid earned a place in the court and led several military campaigns against the ‘Byzantine Empire’ and Constantinople. Muawiya became caliph by the end of the ‘first Islamic Civil War,’ following a peace treaty with Hasan Ibn Ali. According to terms of the treaty, he would not nominate a successor, but Muawiya . He nominated Yazid as his heir. This resulted in a strong opposition from Muhammad’s grandson Husayn ibn Ali and Ibn al-Zubayr. He was seen as a tyrant and illegitimate ruler by several Muslims.