Description: (The Third Caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate and the Son-in-Law of Prophet Muhammad)
Uthman ibn Affan was the third caliph of Islam, ruling from 644 until his assassination in 656. He played a crucial role in early Islamic history, being a notable companion of Prophet Muhammad. Uthman is known for ordering the compilation of the standardized version of the Quran still in use today. As caliph, he expanded the Caliphate's territories, implemented centralized reforms for administrative efficiency, and promoted economic growth. However, his reign ended amidst discontent and armed revolt, leading to his tragic assassination.