Sukarno was the first President of Indonesia, holding office from 1945 to 1967. He was a major leader of Indonesia's National Party during the Dutch colonial period and spent several years under Dutch detention until freed by the invading Japanese army in World War II. Rather than supporting Indonesia's parliamentary system of capitalism, he devised a "guided democracy" and held control over it. Born as Kusno Sosrodihardjo to a primary school teacher and a Hindu Balinese mother, Sukarno studied at a Dutch primary school. In 1921, he started studying civil engineering and established an architectural firm after graduation. During this time, he became romantically involved with the wife of the owner of his boarding house, Inggit Garnasih, whom he married after divorcing his first wife. Sukarno first became involved in politics in July 1927 when he established the Indonesian National Party (PNI). In June 1945, he presented a new Indonesian constitution based on the five principles of pancasila. He was deposed in a military coup in 1966 and later died under house arrest in 1970. Sukarno was awarded 26 honorary doctorates from several international universities, including the University of Michigan.