Otto von Bismarck was the driving force behind the unification of the German Empire and successfully transformed an array of states into a powerful and unified Germany. He became the first Chancellor of the German Empire after its unification in 1871. Often referred to as the "Iron Chancellor," Bismarck also served as the Prime Minister of Prussia. He is known for his skilful leadership and strategy in wars against Denmark, Austria, and France to strengthen Prussian leadership and bring independent German states under unified control. During his tenure, he introduced significant reforms, including the conception of a modern welfare state. He implemented national healthcare services, accident insurance, and pension schemes for the elderly. Bismarck also introduced universal male suffrage in the North German Confederation, a measure that was later adopted by the German Empire. His diplomacy played a pivotal role in balancing European power systems and maintaining peace at a time of potential conflict. However, his dominating and aggressive personality often made him unpopular among other legislators. Bismarck shaped the destiny of German politics for more than three decades until he was forced to resign in 1890 during the reign of Kaiser Wilhelm II.