Description: (Emperor of Bulgaria)
Kaloyan, also known as Ivan I, was the emperor or tsar of Bulgaria from 1196 to 1207. He played a crucial role in the anti-Byzantine uprising of the Bulgarians and Vlachs in 1185. During his reign, he led successful military campaigns against the Byzantine Empire and the Crusaders, capturing fortresses and achieving victories in battles. Kaloyan sought recognition from the Holy See and corresponded with Pope Innocent III. His expansionist policies resulted in conflicts with neighboring powers such as the Byzantine Empire, Hungary, and Serbia. Kaloyan passed away under mysterious circumstances during a siege in 1207.