Born in Mexico City, Cuse grew up in Boston, Massachusetts, and in Orange County, California. He attended Harvard University, graduating with a degree in American History.

Cuse, along with Damon Lindelof, served as writer and showrunner for all six seasons of Lost (2004) for ABC. He wrote, directed, and was the showrunner for the first two seasons of Jack Ryan (2018). Other credits include Locke & Key (2020), Bates Motel (2013), The Strain (2014), and Colony (2016). In feature films, Cuse wrote San Andreas (2015), starring Dwayne Johnson, Warner Bros. highest grossing film of that year. He followed up by co-writing Warner Brothers' Rampage (2018), also starring Dwayne Johnson.

Cuse started his career in feature films working first as a development executive then formed a partnership with feature writer, Jeffrey Boam. He started his career in television as a writer on the Michael Mann series, Crime Story (1986), and then as co-creator and executive producer of the critically-acclaimed Fox series The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr. (1993). He went on to create and executive produce Nash Bridges (1996) for CBS, starring Don Johnson and Cheech Marin, which ran for six seasons and 121 episodes.

Cuse has received 10 Emmy nominations and won 2 Emmys, a Golden Globe, a Writer's Guild Award, a Peabody Award, and was named to Time Magazine's annual List of the 100 Most Influential People in the World.